RADS Journal of Business Management

The Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism in Azad Kashmir

Kiran Sohrab — 2023-06-30

Purpose-Tourism plays an important role in the welfare of a country like Pakistan. There are many attractive and worth seeing places for tourist in such countries. With the arrival of substantial higher number of tourists, a wide array of local inhabitancy has been benefited from tourism.

Methodology/Approach- As per importance of precise activity of tourism the current study tries to explore the socio-economic development dueto tourism in Poonch District Azad Kashmir by using primary data collected through questionnaire and globally accepted method. To explore outcomes widely, social (employment, tourism inflow and education) and economic (income and consumption expenditure) indicators are taken under consideration. For the analytical purpose STATA are used.

Results- The empirical results of quantitative methods revealed that all the indicators especially tourism inflowplay quite crucial positive role in socio-economic development of residences of Poonch district Azad Kashmir. Therefore, as per policy concern, the federal govt. as well as local govt. take some emergency steps toward the provision of basic necessities as well as facilities for the tourists. So that tourists feel ease in this area and tourism inflow increased that ultimately boost revenue of the residences of Poonch district Azad Kashmir and leads to socioeconomic development.

Unleashing the Power of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Comprehensive Study

Moazzam Hussain — 2023-06-30

Purpose – The overarching aim of this systematic review is to provide an exhaustive examination of the extant literature on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) that spans over two decades. Specifically, the focus is on uncovering the antecedents and consequences of OCB, while also delving into the mediating and moderating variables that influence these relationships.

Design/Methodology/Approach – A total of 54 empirical studies, published between 2006 and 2021, were meticulously selected from premier academic databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Emerald Insight, Science Direct, and Web of Science. These studies rigorously explore the antecedents, outcomes, and intervening variables in both antecedent-OCB and OCB-outcome relationships.

Findings – This review brings to the fore a multitude of antecedents and outcomes of OCB, and scrutinizes the mediators and moderators that operate in these causal pathways. Notably, the review identifies a research gap concerning the mediators and moderators affecting the antecedent-OCB and OCB-outcome linkages. Furthermore, the paper delineates prospective antecedents and outcomes along with potential mediating and moderating variables to elucidate these relationships.

Originality/Value –To the authors' knowledge, this constitutes one of the earliest comprehensive reviews addressing the multi-dimensional aspects of OCB. Although one similar review exists focusing solely on the public sector across different temporal scopes, the present study provides a more inclusive, cross-sectoral analysis, thereby augmenting existing scholarly discourse.

Examining The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Project Success in Small-Scale Aviation Projects

Osama Zia — 2023-06-30

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the role of soft skills, particularly emotional intelligence, in resolving conflicts and addressing task interdependency within multidisciplinary teams in the aviation sector. While project management has traditionally emphasized hard skills like technical expertise, the significance of soft skills has often been overlooked. This research focuses not only on defining small-scale projects and their characteristics, but also on understanding the contribution of soft skills to project success. Additionally, we introduce the variable of task interdependence into our model, recognizing its heightened relevance in time-constrained small-scale projects compared to larger infrastructure projects.

Design/Methodology – Quantitative research technique with cross sectional survey design was used in the study. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to collect the responses. Survey questionnaires were distributed to suitably qualified project employees working in selected airports of Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis was done to test the hypotheses based on data collected from 275 participants involved in small-scale aviation projects.

Findings – The results depicted the relationship between emotional intelligence and project success, mediated by the task interdependency; however, contrary to the claims made in past researches, conflict modes did not mediate the relationship between EI and PS, hence paving way for novel insights into the project management field with specific application in the small-scale projects where this was not explored earlier. The positive relationship between emotional intelligence and project success did not allow conflict modes to affect project outcome.

Originality/Value – This study is the first of its kind to be conducted in the aviation industry of Pakistan. The study adds value by reiterating the role of emotional intelligence on influencing project success and not enabling conflict modes to negatively affect the project outcome in projects conducted by small teams in the aviation sector.

Factors Affecting Consumer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Online Shopping

Tayyaba Shazadi — 2023-07-30

Purpose –This study is based on the context of online shopping concerning customer satisfaction that leads to customer loyalty. The success of every online business matters on the adoption of the right drivers that impact the post-purchase factors, purchasing factors that leads to re-purchase factors i.e customer loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach – The total population of online shopping was unknown so a convenient sampling technique within Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan was done. This research study examines different factors of online shopping individually (i.e Security, Mode of payment, time, price, information availability, quality, website design) concerning customer satisfy action and customer loyalty.

Findings – Results show different factors have different impacts that also include insignificant results. Findings have a positive significant relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.

Practical implications – This research provides clear direction to customers about different factors of online shopping. As well as it gives managers a road map to provide the specific services in context with an online business to customers that will retain the customer satisfied and loyal.

Small Arms Induced Conflicts in Nigeria and its Socio-Economic Implications in the North Central States

Augustine Ejiofor Onyishi — 2023-06-30

Purpose: This academic investigation examined possible security implications of small arms induce conflicts in Nigeria with a particular emphasis in the north-central region. It specifically aims to determine whether there is a link between the prevailing labour shortfall in the region and the small arms-induced conflicts in Nigeria's North-Central states. It also looked at whether the North-Central Nigerian region's existing deficient healthcare delivery system is related to the violence caused by small arms that is now prevalent there.

Methodology: Carl Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the modified student t test and descriptive research design as well as the self-report approach were used in the study to generate the data and examine the relationship between the two key variables from 350 samples taken from the study population, using the theory of failed states as its analytical framework.

Findings: The study reveals a positive correlation between small arms-induced conflicts in Nigeria's North-Central states and the prevailing labour shortfall in the region. It also found that small arms induced violence in the North-Central Nigeria is implicated in the current shallow healthcare delivery system in the region

Originality: This study focuses on the socio-economic implications of small arms induced conflicts in Nigeria with a particular emphasis on the North Central States.

Implications: The study empirically explored the economic and health dimensions of the proliferation of small arms as well as how its resultant affects impinge on the social existence of the affected people globally with particular emphasis on North-central Nigeria. It is expected that this study will guide policymakers, management of both public and private organizations by providing enough insights into the benefits of stringent control of small arms importation in the country.

Effect of Organizational Identification, Work Regulatory Focus and I-Deals on Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviors: The Pharmaceutical Industry

Abdul Rauf Qureshi — 2023-06-30

Evidently, concerns about unethical pro-organizational conduct have been more prevalent recently. In a time when businesses prioritize long-term business relationships and client orientation, dishonest selling behavior would unquestionably be counterproductive. Social effects result from unethical pro-organizational behavior in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to pinpoint the most significant forerunners of unethical pro-organizational behavior in the pharmaceutical business.

The study aims to determine how organizational identification, unique business arrangements, and work-related regulatory focus affect unethical pro-social behaviors in Pakistan's pharmaceutical sales sector.

SEM analysis employing convenience sampling was performed on the data of 308 national and international pharmaceutical sales managers that were obtained via online questionnaires.

The research reveals that organizational identity, peculiar agreements, and work regulation emphasis have statistically significant effects on unethical pro-social activities. The research finds that the two dimensions of work regulation emphasis and the four idiosyncratic deal dimensions strongly influence unethical pro- pro-social actions.

The study is the first to look at the impact of identification, unique business arrangements, and work regulatory foci on unethical pro-social behaviors. New hires should be chosen by the HR managers based on moral considerations. The supervisors need to be aware that work regulatory foci, organizational identification, and idiosyncratic deals have the potential to result in UPB.